儒家自性覺醒修養心理治療模式 Confucian Self-Enlightenment Psychotherapy

 這一篇採用儒家智慧建構的心理治療模式剛剛發表在中華本土社會科學期刊，歡迎大家下載閱讀，希望儒家智慧帶給大家心理健康與幸福：

儒家自性覺醒修養心理治療模式 Confucian Self-Enlightenment Psychotherapy

Dec 2023

DOI: 10.30213/JCISS.202312_(3).0002

Lab: Yung-Jong Shiah's Lab

Yung-Jong ShiahYung-Jong Shiah

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/377896204_rujiazixingjuexingxiuyangxinlizhiliaomoshi_Confucian_Self-Enlightenment_Psychotherapy

 繼續閱讀請點選選下面這個數字                               [2.2.24]

摘要Abstract

目前台灣大都採用全盤西化的心理治理模式，但其實我們都會受到中西文化的影響，因此除了會運用西方的心理治療學派，也要會運用本土的心理治療模式。其中儒家智慧已經在華人社會中被實踐了超過二千五百年，它的本質性上是心理療癒。因此本文最大的目的是提出儒家自性覺醒修養心理治療模式，分為兩個部分說明：第一部分為說明理論背景部分，先以曼陀羅自我模型與自性的動力模型來說明自我有社會反思、盡己與朝向自性覺醒的能力。文中採用文化系統的知識論策略，再加上以形式性的曼陀羅自我模型來分析儒學，提出儒學自性定義與包含庶人、士大夫與聖王三層次的修養之曼陀羅自我模型，也是自我心理療癒的模型。儒家自性與本性的定義為至誠，自誠明。實踐此三層次的修養模式，可以達到自性的最高境界：至善。這個境界是不會產生煩惱或情緒困擾，是心理治療的終極目標。接著第二部分為依據此自我心理療癒的模型來提出心理治療歷程，包含對治療者的要求、三個心理治療的目標、心理治療師與個案的關係、評估造成煩惱的來源、心理治療五個步驟歷程，其中的第三步驟行動中又包含五個層次。治療技術包含儒家背景智慧評估、靜坐、實踐相對倫理來進行倫理療癒、修養忍讓、誠意正心、教導儒家智慧與其他相關輔助療法。最後介紹王鳳儀的儒家療癒模式與陳復所提出的心學療癒模式。本文所提出的儒家自性覺醒修養心理治療模式，未來仍需要更多實徵研究來支持與修正。

Currently, Western psychotherapies are mostly used in Taiwan. However, we are both under the influence of Western and Chinese cultures. For this reason, in addition to Western psychotherapies, we need indigenous psychotherapies in the context of Confucian culture. Specifically, Confucian has lasted more than for 2,500 years. Confucian can be considered as psychotherapy. However, to date, there is no such Confucian psychotherapy. The main purpose of the present paper is to provide Confucian Self-Enlightenment Psychotherapy (CSEP). It includes two sections. The first section introduces the background of theory. The formal Mandala Model of Self (MMS) was developed to describe the well-functioning self in various cultures. The MMS is suitable for elucidating the relationship between cultural wisdom and mental health through its four concepts: biology, the ideal person, knowledge or wisdom, and action. I adopt the epistemological strategy of cultural systems and use MMS to analyze the self-structure of the Confucianism in order to construct its self-enlightenment model as the foundation of CSEP. Based on the Psychodynamic Model of Self-Nature (PMS), the assumption that the psychodynamic process of transitioning from the self to the self-nature exists in all cultures. The self-nature is defined by its own culture, entirely oriented towards the Good of wholeness, the well-functioning self with full potential. The MMS and PMS argue that the self possesses the abilities of socialized reflexivity and self-exertion leading to self-enlightenment process from cultivating the self to the self-nature, which is an ultimate psychotherapeutic goal that will not generate mental disturbances or suffering. Confucian Self-Enlightenment Model (CSEM) presents a three-level Mandala Model of Self (ordinary person, scholar, and king), involving accomplishment of the self-cultivation principle with the aim of achieving an insightful transformation related to the perception that the sense of desiring self and the associated psychological structures are eliminated to attain the self-nature state, the Good. The second section introduces Confucian psychotherapeutic process. The requirements for a therapist are provided. Therapeutic goals include three psychological goals and socially oriented goal or expectation which is especially exclusively in the Confucian societies. The client-therapist relationship, requirements for the therapist, and therapeutic process are addressed which has four steps. The first step is to absorb Confucian wisdom. The first step is to absorb the cultural wisdom. The second step is action. To minimize the desiring self is the third step. The final step is to form a habit of cultivating the self-enlightenment. He or she will make great effort to minimize the discrepancy toward an ideal person, attaining the self-nature state. It takes effort and time to attain the ideal person state in the final step. It is suggested that we form the habit of executing the self-cultivation process and steps 1-3 and gradually minimize the individual and desires. Usually, you will gain happiness, calm, and peace during this process, especially when the individual and desires become weaker and occupy less of our time. One important criterion for successfully forming a habit of executing the self-cultivation process is feeling of being uncomfortable physically or mentally if you do not practice steps 1-3 every day or even more frequently than that. The techniques include Confucian knowledgeability assessment, meditation, ethical healing by practicing the mutual ethics, cultivating the forbearance, Chinese calligraphy practice, and teaching Confucian wisdom. Traditional Chinese medicine, including acupuncture therapy, herbal medicine, cupping therapy, scraping, massage, bonesetter, Qigong, and dietary therapy, is suggested to be used when necessary. That the famous Confucian therapist, Feng-Yi Wang, developed a Confucian healing model, along with one case, is presented. Finally, Yang-Ming’s Nousology proposed by Fu Chen and its implication in psychotherapy is provided. Future evidence based research are needed to prove or revise CSEP.