2008年4月27日 星期日

*Introduction of En Chu Kong Hospital


Hsing-Tien Kong, the homeland of Taipei People’s soul (台北行天宮), its goal is to promote the world beyond, to work for the good of the good of this world, and from culture to education, to spread the seed of hope, has been spread throughout the society.
Under the concept of the Great Mercy of humanity, we are consistently seeking ways to take care of our children and the elders. And we believe that providing health care with patient-oriented and treat patients as our families is what we can do.
By 1990, the board of Hsing-Tien Temple officially consented to build up the En Chu Kong Hospital (恩主公醫院).
In order to pursuit the highest quality in medical service, to build a safe, human and warm environment, the hospital established a teaching cooperation with the full support of the National Taiwan University Hospital in 1996, laying a solid and developmental foundation.
With government help and under the expectation of the communities, En Chu Kong Hospital was inaugurated on March 3rd 1998. The Chairman of the board of directors ,Mr. Huang Chung-Chen (黃忠臣董事長) and the superintendent, Professor Chen Rong-Chi (院長陳榮基教授) lead the staff holding“ The Spirit of Love of En Chu Kong”in great respect to provide the best medical care services to the community. And the hospital endeavor to become a model of humanistic medical services.
The organization of the hospital includes: The Board which directs the operation of the hospital, The Superintendent, Vice-superintendent, followed by 4 major systems: medical, nursing, medical technician, and administration. There are also 16 functional committees which ensure operation continuity and quality improvements.
The hospital employs more than 960 staffs. There are 90 attending physicians and resident physicians. There are also 410 nurses、300 technicians、 160 administrative staffs. As for sanitation, delivery, and engineering, the managements are served by outside agents.
There are 312 acute beds, 48 chronic care beds and other special care units, adding to a total of 501 beds in the hospital.
To benefit our patients, the hospital installs medical equipments as advanced as medical center does, such as “Magnetic Resonance Image Scanner”, “Cardiac Catheterization ”, “ Electric Shockwave Lithotripsy ”.
Consisting of 9 sub-specialties of internal medicine and Pediatric, Family Medicine and Rehabilitation .
‧The Internal Medicine System‧
The Internal Medicine System provides professional medical technology using of modern and high-quality equipment and treatment. Such as cardiac catheterization, premature intensive care, Neurological intensive care, gastrointestinal bleeding & hepatic failure, emergent dialysis, chemotherapy and so on.
Several special programs are also organized to give comprehensive and multi-professional care for specific disease. For example, the Heart Care Network for coronary heart disease and the Early Intervention Working Team for children with developmental delay.
‧The Surgery System‧
The Surgery system consists of 5 sub-specialties of surgery plus Obstetrics/Gynecology , Ophthalmology, Otolaryngology, Dentistry, and Anesthesiology.
The Surgery System continuously explores and develops the latest medical technology, such as Reconstructive Microsurgery, Laparoscopic Surgery, Flexible Ureteroscopic Lithotripsy , which are now with outstanding results.
Our hospital has ten operation rooms equipped with aseptic equipment, microscopes for operation, kaleidoscope TV system and facility, all kinds of endoscopes and ESWL. Cooperated with excellent anesthesiologists and nurses, we provide the best operation treatment and care.
In order to guarantee the quality of operations, we strongly stress pre-operation assessment and post-operation patient teaching. We also hold surgical committee conference and case conference on a regular basis.
‧The Emergency Service‧
Due to Geographically located right beside the Northern 2nd Freeway, the hospital focuses on developing into an emergency care center. There are always specialized professionals on duty and constant personnel training of emergency care. Incorporated with the trauma team, the hospital becomes one of the best Emergency Care Centers along the Northern 2nd Freeway.
In order to catch on patients’ clinical situation as soon as possible, the emergency room is equipped with exclusive X-ray machine and computed tomography. Therefore, the patients can be inspected at any time.
‧Department of Psychiatry ‧
The department teams up with psychiatrists, psychologist, occupational therapist, social workers and nurses to provide outpatient service, emergency consultation, day care and community service.
Day Care Unit provides patients a home-like setting, drug therapy, individual or group therapy. Through various programs, the professional team helps the patients to regain capability to cope with the society.
The Department also acts as the regional psychiatry center, which frequently holds professional consultation training programs and mental health lectures on campuses and also participates case consultation.
‧Department of Radiology ‧
The department has several advanced image scanners: such as essential X-ray machines, angiographies, CT Scan, Bone Densitometry, Mammography Image, and Magnetic Resonance Image.
To ensure the quality of service, professionals and specialists handle all examinations. 24-hour X-Ray exams and CT services are available.
‧ Department of Pathology and Laboratory ‧
This department has full range of sophisticated analysis facilities and outstanding experts. It provides accurate and rapid results of laboratory test to incorporate with medical diagnosis and treatment.
It's divided into seven divisions in order to provide accurate testing services: microscope﹑biochemistry﹑hematology、bacteria﹑immunology﹑blood bank and pathology, which is responsible for general tissue section, frozen section, anatomic pathology, and cytology.
Our hospital actively develop the complete computerization of laboratory test and provides outstanding services. The department also has multi-field teaching microscopic unit in order to build up a synchronized clinical laboratory teaching environment.
‧ Department of Pharmacy ‧
Pharmacists and assistant pharmacists are employed to be responsible for pharmaceutical affairs of the hospital.
This department is divided into five divisions to ensure the proper allocation, storage and supply of drugs: outpatient, in-patient, dispersion, drug consultation and drug management. It will ensure the quality of medication, to reach the expected outcome and the reasonable medical effect.
‧ Department of Nursing ‧
Department of Nursing is the largest department in the hospital. There are more than 400 nurses and administrative staffs. They take care the patients with empathy, professional skills and kindness, to raise the quality of total care.
Features of the department:
◆Standardization of Nursing Operation
◆ With the spirit of “ Total Care ”, nurse assistants provide patients with services such as sanitation of living environments, to lessen the burden of the patients’ families.
◆ Pre-admission service Center simplifies the process of admission. Discharge planning provides patients and their families with continuous care and proper referral.
◆ Actively promote “ Baby-Friendly “ and provide ” Room-In “ service to enhance the mother caring ability.
◆Hospice Care provides patients and their families with “ whole family, whole process “ care for the body, mind and soul.
Besides , the nursing department hold quality control circle activities to inspire colleagues’ creativity to improve the operating process, as a result of better nursing quality.
‧ Pursuit of Excellence ‧
The Medical Quality Review Committee has been established.
More than 60 clinical pathways have been developed since the opening of the hospital. A clinical path forum is called annually and the staffs participated enthusiastically.
Our hospital has started thorough quality control activities since 1999. Staff’s active participation is the source of improvements in the service quality of the hospital.
Dedicated personnel is standing by to handle patients’ feed back and to coordinate relevant departments for continuous improvement based on patients’ suggestions.
The hospital has diabetic classroom for the prevention and treatment of diabetes.
It also has epilepsy association, the association of renal diseases, breast cancer patients
and other related associations, so that patients can share their feelings and experience with each other and obtain mutual support.
‧ Community Services ‧
Ever since its establishment, the hospital took community service as its goal.
Our professional staff promote community health through all kinds of activities and medical services. The hospital also takes up the project of ‘San-Xia Health Community’ to continuously improve the health of the people in this region.
Lately the hospital aggressively incorporated with Hsing-Tien Temple on its programs of cultural, humanity, charity, and educations developments. Outreaching the community through launching different community activities such as free clinics, concerts, drama for remote elementary school and caring for the less privileged groups. The hospital also holds many art exhibitions and calligraphy gifts during Chinese New Year Festival, which makes the hospital an eager promoter of community health.
Volunteers are key driving power of this hospital in local medical services.They are available in every corner of the hospital every day. In emergency room、Service Counter、Ward and Supply Room, their kindness and love can be seen and felt.
‧Professional advancement‧
Aside from the daily morning meetings and clinical educational programs, the hospital runs forums and invites professional experts for speeches. There are also programs to encourage the doctors writing scientific thesis and going advanced study abroad.Our library provides our colleagues with convenient inquisition and search of professional information using the library information system. There are professional books and periodicals to enhance the professional knowledge of medical personnels.
In addition to active participation in regional medical cooperation with local colleges, universities and medical field, the hospital also provides training programs for the Viet Duc University Hospital of Hanoi Vietnam since 1999.
The initial goal is to establish a complete community health care center. Enrich emergency medical care, Trauma Care, Total Nursing care, Home Care for the purpose of implementing the hospital’s four major goals :
◆ HIGH STANDARD MEDICAL SERVICE
◆ WARM AND CARING NURSING SERVICE
◆ EFFICIENT ADMINISTRATIVE MANAGEMENT
◆ COSY ENVIRONMENT
A new medical building is scheduled to be built, The medical building includes Early Intervention Center for developmental delay children, Doctor’s Research Rooms and Library.
In the future, the hospital will continue to implement the “ Continuous Health Care System “, such as the development of Heng-Shi branch for chronic care beds and long term care facilities etc.
The hospital follows Hsing-Tien Kong Temple’s 5 values:
◆RELIGION
◆CULTURE
◆EDUCATION
◆MEDICAL CARE
◆CHARITY
The hospital expects to provide people, in the region of San-Shia, In-Gao, Tu-Cheng, Su-Lin and along the Northern 2nd Freeway, a convenient and high quality medical service and become the best health care center in this region.
(copied from http://www.eck.org.tw/AboutUs_En.aspx 恩主公醫院醫療服務網)

2008年4月22日 星期二

拚環保,夏天請勿穿西裝打領帶

拚環保,夏天請勿穿西裝打領帶
陳榮基
夏天到了,再次看到我醫界同仁王世叡醫師「不穿西裝,少開冷氣」的呼籲,令我心有戚戚焉。內人曾經在參加一次戒煙毒大會時,與會的女士們,受不了冷氣,要求會場服務人員調高冷氣。一個鐘頭後,服務員回來道歉說冷氣調高了,台上及前排西裝筆挺的長官們受不了,只好請女士們穿上禦寒的外套了!夏天男士們穿西裝打領帶,受害的不只是男士,也波及女士們,夏天出門還要帶一件冬妝,以便在辦公室或會議室內禦寒!長遠的更是地球環保的殺手。
謹將王醫師的大作照錄於後,分享大家:


『地球日 不穿西裝
■ 王世叡醫師
四月二十二日是國際地球日。筆者認為台灣在這一天最重要的,就是考慮少穿西裝、少開冷氣。
到底誰讓台灣男士如此受苦?在寒帶地區穿西裝,說得過去,但在我們亞熱帶的台灣,有必要嗎?筆者不是第一個反對在台灣夏天穿西裝的人,多年前就有標榜適合台灣人穿著的「清涼裝」設計發表,卻未見推廣,殊為可惜。希望它能經過大力的改進與推廣,成為台灣人的「國服」,讓國人可以堂而皇之的穿在正式場合,不但彰顯我們台灣的自有文化,也造福眾多台灣上層的社會人士。
在這四月二十二日的國際地球日,不穿西裝更有少開冷氣、環保節能的特殊意義。除了希望能發起「國際地球日不穿西裝」的運動之外,更希望在即將到來的各級學校畢業典禮,能由校長帶頭,帶動全校師生及家長不穿西裝的風氣。 (本文轉載自2008/4/22www.libertytimes.com.tw自由廣場)』

請看女性同胞的迴響
呼籲「夏天不穿西裝」
周照芳
4月22日「自由廣場」刊登的王世叡醫師「地球日 不穿西裝」一文,我們女性讀者也要響應,因為女性的夏日正式服飾,常是絲質或麻紗,非常涼快,輕飄飄的。而在所有正式場合,男士們都穿西裝。在我們這個仍以男性為主的社會,都要配合男士們的要求而開最強的冷氣,女士們都冷得發抖、感冒。「地球日 不穿西裝」一文說是「誰讓台灣男人如此受苦?」,我看夏天又是「誰讓台灣女人如此受苦?」
筆者在多年前的一個大熱天,被推薦出席為「戒煙毒大會」的代表,台下大部分是穿白襯衫的青年代表,及我們五位女性代表,穿著夏天洋裝或旗袍,台上有主持大會的行政院副院長、法務部長、衛生署長等,七八位可敬的長官們,全部都穿着畢挺的西裝,大部分為黑色西裝,簡直就是冬裝。我們幾位女性代表冷得發抖,縮著上身。當我們看到服務生時,拜託他把冷氣關小,提高一點室溫。服務生也是穿短袖,欣然答應,跑去調冷氣。沒想到不久他又跑回來告訴我們說,台上的長官們都很熱,所以很抱歉,不能關小冷氣。台上男性長官們穿西裝,而開強冷氣,讓我們女性代表及台下沒穿西裝的年青人,都冷得嘴唇發黑,會中已頻頻打噴嚏,會後不知有多少人會感冒。尤其女性服飾質料更薄,更受罪更受苦。
再次呼籲男士們,趕快推廣「夏天不穿西裝不打領帶」,不只「地球日不穿西裝」。效法東南亞國家及阿拉伯國家,夏天穿著薄質料的正式夏裝,才不會讓女性在強的冷氣之下,受苦受罪。而且少開冷氣,更環保,救地球。

2008年4月21日 星期一

補償病人 醫師解壓

補償病人 醫師解壓
陳榮基
立法院將審議賴清德委員所提出的「醫療傷害處理法」,昨天在自由廣場看到謝炎堯教授反對的聲音。

其實類似的法案的討論,已經有十多年了。筆者於民國八十年接受衛生署的委託,所做的「台灣醫療糾紛的現況與處理」,在調查國內現況,深入分析以後,即提出醫療傷害「行政上補償制度」的建議。後來立法院沈富雄委員即曾提出試圖解決的草案,可惜未能完成立法。

病人就醫,醫師診病,都是為了能夠減除痛苦,治癒疾病,恢復健康。但是由於醫療過程充滿很多不確定性,有些是疾病本身的進展不可避免的後果,有些是醫療人員或病人的疏忽,重要的是發生了病人不希望的後果,造成了各種程度的傷害。如果要釐清責任,往往曠日廢時,最後病人不一定可以獲得適當的補償;而醫師也有可能長期受到身心的干擾,乃至刑事的追究。

醫療糾紛的增加,促使醫師採取防禦性的醫療行為,正面的防禦行為,促使醫師花更多的時間更小心看病,但也可能促使醫師增加不必要的檢查,如頭痛、腹痛,動不動就先做電腦斷層或磁振攝影,乃至重複的做,浪費醫療資源。一次不必要的檢查,可能可以治好幾個人的病痛。而負面的防禦性行為,則促使醫師選擇診療輕症,不敢奮力搶救病人,或將危險的病人不斷轉診,因而耽誤了可以治癒的重症。

賴委員提出的法案,希望針對因為醫療行為所造成的重大傷害,迅速判定,迅速給予適當的補償。此傷害必須與醫療行為有關,而且是可以避免但卻發生的傷害。病人如願意透過這一機制,處理其糾紛,就不得對醫師或醫院提起訴訟或非理性的干擾。

這一法案雖然不一定可以減少醫療疏失或醫療傷害的發生,但應可迅速的補償病人的損失,儘快解除醫師的壓力。冀望讓「醫療傷害處理法」真正成為「醫病雙贏」的良法。
(本文刊登於2007-01-18 | 自由廣場 | | http://www.libertytimes.com.tw/2007/new/jan/18/today-o6.htm)

2008年4月15日 星期二

*安寧 非自願 CPR可以說不

中國時報 2007.11.24 
安寧 非自願CPR可以說不
黃天如/台北報導

台灣安寧照顧協會調查,國內簽署拒絕心肺復甦術(Do no resuscitation,DNR)者,七年僅七千人;去年起衛生署推動健保IC卡安寧緩和醫療意願註記,但至今僅一成醫院病歷系統能夠讀取該項註記並提醒主治醫師,另只有五成醫院提供民眾查詢IC卡是否完成註記的服務。
許多醫療單位,並未讓病人獲知安寧醫療的相關訊息,甚至若有民眾已在健保IC卡簽署DNR,但仍可能因急救的醫師未細查,而對病人採取積極性的急救,致病人受苦。
安寧照顧協會法律顧問陳凱平強調,雖然還沒有實質案例,但若患者確實已簽署「選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書」,醫療院所卻違背其意願施予心肺甦術(CPR),可能將衍生法律責任。
台灣安寧療護推手,恩主公創院院長陳榮基昨天表示,CPR乃六0年代以來發展的高科技醫學,主要是搶救因溺水、電擊、車禍或急性心臟病發作之急性心肺終止(心跳停止或呼吸停止)病患生命的險招。然而,CPR或許能將急性病患救回,有時卻會把病患「救」成生不如死的植物人。
陳榮基強調,CPR不能「救治」任何慢性不治的末期病人,但為了「盡人事」,國內絕大多數癌症末期、重要器官衰竭、愛滋病或運動神經元萎縮末期的病人,在臨終前都要受盡CPR的折磨。
但因沒有患者本人或家屬的DNR同意書,即使明知患者的死亡已不可挽回,醫師基於倫理與法律,亦不敢放棄各種急救手段。
陳榮基難過地說,國內多數重症病患都是在沒有家屬陪伴的冰冷加護病房孤單死去,還有年邁及骨癌患者因為CPR壓胸動作,當場被壓斷好幾根肋骨…,最後還是死亡。他呼籲,如果本人確有DNR意願,就應趁年輕健康盡早簽署。
( 在地新聞|大台北 )
引用網址:http://blog.udn.com/article/trackback.jsp?uid=wangkwo&aid=1399003
早點簽署DNR意願書(預立選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書)(參考08/03DNR意願書),寄給台灣安寧照顧協會www.tho.org.tw,登錄於健保IC卡,可以為臨終安祥往生增加一份保障。

2008年4月13日 星期日

心經 THE HEART SUTRA





般若波羅蜜多心經
唐三藏法師玄奘奉詔譯
觀自在菩薩,行深般若波羅蜜多時,照見五蘊皆空,度一切苦厄。
舍利子,色不異空,空不異色,色即是空,空即是色;受想行識,亦復如是。舍利子,是諸法空相,不生不滅,不垢不浄,不增不減。是故空中無色,無受想行識,無眼耳鼻舌身意,無色聲香味觸法;無眼界,乃至無意識界;無無明,亦無無明盡;乃至無老死,亦無老死盡;無苦集滅道,無智亦無得,以無所得故。
菩提薩埵,依般若波羅蜜多故,心無罣礙,無罣礙故,無有恐怖,遠離顛倒夢想,究竟涅槃。三世諸佛,依般若波羅蜜多故,得阿耨多羅三藐三菩提。
故知般若波羅蜜多,是大神咒、是大明咒、是無上咒、是無等等咒,能除一切苦,真實不虛。故說般若波羅蜜多咒,即說咒曰:揭諦、揭諦、波羅揭諦、波羅僧揭諦。菩提薩婆訶。


The Heart of Prajna Paramita Sutra
Translated by Tang Dharma Master of the Tripitaka Hsüan-Tsang on imperial command.
When Avalokiteshvara Bodhisattva was practicing the profound prajna paramita, he illuminated the five skandhas and saw that they are all empty, and he crossed beyond all suffering and difficulty.
Shariputra, form does not differ from emptiness; emptiness does not differ from form. Form itself is emptiness; emptiness itself is form. So, too, are feeling, cognition, formation, and consciousness.
Shariputra, all dharmas are empty of characteristics. They are not produced, not destroyed, not defiled, not pure, and they neither increase nor diminish. Therefore, in emptiness there is no form, feeling, cognition, formation, or consciousness; no eyes, ears, nose, tongue, body, or mind; no sights, sounds, smells, tastes, objects of touch, or dharmas; no field of the eyes, up to and including no field of mind-consciousness; and no ignorance or ending of ignorance, up to and including no old age and death or ending of old age and death. There is no suffering, no accumulating, no extinction, no way, and no understanding and no attaining.
Because nothing is attained, the Bodhisattva, through reliance on prajna paramita, is unimpeded in his mind. Because there is no impediment, he is not afraid, and he leaves distorted dream-thinking far behind. Ultimately Nirvana!
All Buddhas of the three periods of time attain Anuttarasamyaksambodhi through reliance on prajna paramita. Therefore, know that prajna paramita is a great spiritual mantra, a great bright mantra, a supreme mantra, an unequalled mantra. It can remove all suffering; it is genuine and not false. That is why the mantra of prajna paramita was spoken. Recite it like this:
Gate gate paragate parasamgate bodhi svaha
(from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart_Sutra)


Gate Gate Paragate Parasamgate Bodhi svaha
Gone, Gone, Gone beyond, Gone together beyond completely. Praise to awakening!
揭諦, 揭諦, 波羅揭諦, 波羅僧揭諦。 菩提薩婆訶!
去, 去, 去彼岸, 一同去彼岸。 讚美覺悟!

2008年4月10日 星期四

病人權利與責任

病人權利與責任
陳榮基
在衛生署醫院評鑑的要求下,很多醫院都在明顯的地方,標示出醫院的建院宗旨、目標乃至宣示病人的權利與病人的責任。希望可以增進與病人的溝通,促進醫病的和諧。茲舉例來談談病人就醫應有的心理準備。

病人的權利:
病人皆能平等地接受適當的醫療服務,不會因為社經地位影響醫療的可近性。病人可以獲得專業且安全的醫療服務,醫院會努力提供安全可靠的服務。病人可以知道正確、完整的醫療資訊,有不明之處可以隨時提出詢問,醫療人員應能提供明確的回答;有時病人在門診才說出一兩句主訴,就急著問醫師,「為什麼會這樣? 」似乎應該給醫師一些時間去作判斷。病人可以參與診療及照護的過程並做決定,醫師應該告訴病人有哪些選項,每一項選擇的利弊;如果病人不知道如何選擇,不妨請問醫師,「如果病人是你的親人,你會選擇開刀或不開刀?」在照護服務方面有問題病人可向醫護人員詢問,最好在當場問清楚,避免事後再打電話或托別人詢問,以防在沒有病歷在場的時候,醫師張冠李戴回答錯誤。個人隱私會受到尊重與保護,在未獲得病人的同意時,醫師不得將從診療中獲得的病人的資訊,提供給他人;縱使為了診療或研究的需要,醫師需要將病情提出討論,也要尊守保密的原則。病人可以申請自己的病歷資料的全部或部分,如果需要醫師作適當的整理以作成摘要,則應該給他足夠的時間;醫院可能會要求合理的費用。醫院會提供病人申訴電話專線或申訴的地方。

病人的責任:
病人應誠實地向醫事人員提供自身的健康狀況,隱瞞病情可能會導致醫師的誤判,最後吃虧的還是病人;敘述病情時,要儘量確實,譬如頭痛三天或五年,會影響醫師的診斷,應避免籠統的說很久了或沒多久。病人應了解拒絕或接受治療後可能構成的危險或損害,問清楚了,與醫師合作,共同達成最洽當的選擇;有些醫師會告訴病人:「如果你是我的母親,我會選擇接受開打.」那可能就是最好的抉擇。病人應能尊重醫療專業,配合醫師的治療程序及有關醫囑。病人應能排除對治療結果不切實際的期待,并非所有的疾病都會好轉,很多的疾病是神仙也醫不好的;當然病人可以要求諮詢另外的醫師的意見。病人應能增進自身健康並珍惜醫療資源,千萬不要做些有害健康或會加重病情的行為,也不要硬是要求醫師提供最貴的但是不需要的檢查或治療;可以出院了,就不要再拖延。病人要支付應自行負擔的醫療費用,健保不支付或需要部分負擔的費用,病人要自負,但醫院要開給收據。(本文登載於健康世界雜誌2008年4月號)

2008年4月6日 星期日

*DNR不等於安寧緩和醫療

DNR不等於安寧緩和醫療
陳榮基
前言
最近常有醫界朋友質疑為什麼把「不施行心肺復甦術」與「安寧緩和醫療」放在一起?為什麼會訂出一個名稱叫「安寧緩和醫療條例」的法條,裡面規範的卻是臨終「不施行心肺復甦術」的問題。這個尷尬的問題不是三言兩語可以解釋清楚,是有它的歷史背景,沒有參與立法過程的人恐難了解。本文擬將立法的經過作一交代,以免醫界繼續誤解。
心肺復甦術
心肺復甦術Cardiopulmonary resuscitation,CPR)是在一個人的心跳及/或呼吸功能(也就是心臟與肺臟功能)衰竭,生命受到嚴重威脅或瀕臨死亡時,所「施予的氣管內插管、體外心臟按壓、急救藥物注射、心臟電擊、心臟人工調頻、人工呼吸或其他救治行為。」也就是俗稱的「急救」措施。在醫院裡常可見到醫師用盡CPR的各種招數,搶救病人的驚心動魄的畫面。因為此急救動作,會給病人帶來很大的痛苦甚至傷害,醫院通常會請家屬迴避,以免看了傷心難過。如果病人救回來了,皆大歡喜。如果病人救不回來,看到醫護人員搶救的慘烈鏡頭的家屬,可能會久久不能釋懷,後悔不該讓醫師以CPR為病人送終。因此當有些疾病已經進展到「末期疾病」時,再多的醫療措施也無法挽救病人,再施予CPR只有傷害病人,引起更大的痛苦,將干擾病人的安詳往生。對於這種已經到達「罹患嚴重傷病,經醫師診斷認為不可治癒,且有醫學上的證據,近期內病程進行至死亡已不可避免者」的「末期病人」,在倫理上就不該再施予CPR。此時如不施予CPR,就是「不施行心肺復甦術,Do not resuscitate或 Do no resuscitation,簡稱DNR」。(1)
從前的人,大多死於家中,由家人陪伴安詳往生。近代醫學進步,很多人死於醫院。自1960年代以來,心肺復甦術發明,繼之以不斷發展的高科技醫療,它雖然延長了人類的壽命,但並沒有提高人臨終的生活品質。反而使醫療提供者,尤其是醫師,產生了與上天爭命的妄想,也使民眾誤信醫療萬能,人定勝天。於是越來越多的人,在醫院中因為醫師的「英勇奮戰」而痛苦的死亡。醫師不能接受病人死亡的失敗,家屬認為如未經醫師最後的CPR的急救努力,是不孝或不愛,或不忍心讓家人走了。如果讓病人CPR後接上呼吸器,在現代的高級加護病房中,使用各種高級維生設備,病人到死亡前,還得受盡很長的折磨呢!
其實,CPR是為搶救急性心肺終止(cardiopulmonary arrest)(心跳停止或呼吸停止)的病人,如溺水、電擊、車禍或急性心臟病發作的病人所用的企圖挽回生命的險招。它有時會將病人成功的救回,有時只救回了心跳,但呼吸及意識未能救回,病人就永久昏迷,終成生不如死的植物人狀態,甚至也脫離不了呼吸器。對於慢性不治之病的「末期病人」,如癌症末期、心、肺、肝、腎或腦功能嚴重衰竭的病人、愛滋病或運動神經元萎縮末期的病人,沒有人能用CPR救回,只有在受盡CPR折磨之後死亡;暫時救回了心跳,救不回肺及腦的功能,病人被插上氣管內插管(CPR的一部分),接上人工呼吸器,送到加護病房,在冰冷無伴的狀況下,多承受幾小時或幾天的痛苦,直到心跳停止,才能解脫。有些則在家屬的要求下由家屬簽立自動出院書,用急救車送回家中「壽終正寢」,當然,也得承受一路顛波的額外痛苦。而很多末期病人,尤其是癌末病人,往往因骨質疏鬆或肋骨已有癌細胞的侵襲,CPR的壓胸動作,可能壓斷幾根肋骨,又因治癌的副作用,容易流血,匆忙急救中可能敲斷幾根牙齒,引起大量出血。對已經飽受疾病痛苦的無助病人,再增加不必要的痛苦,而後死亡;家屬看到發生在親人身上的「慘烈戰果」後,更是情何以堪!
另一方面,癌症已成為包括台灣在內的已開發國家的第一大死因。當癌症進入末期時,醫師在使盡所有武功而知道無法救回病人時,往往「逃離」病人,讓病人無奈的承受癌末種種痛苦的折磨。相反的在臨終時又因為CPR,讓已經飽受癌症折磨的病人,再一次受到極端的痛苦,含恨而終。
安寧緩和醫療
幸而1967年英國的西西里.桑德思醫師(Dame Cicely Saunders)在倫敦開辦聖克力司多福安寧院(St. Christopher’s Hospice),開啟了用積極的醫療作為,以解除病人身心靈的痛苦,讓病人安享餘生的安寧緩和醫療(Hospice palliative care,hospice palliative medicine)(2)。此一人性化的醫療,逐漸傳播到世界各地,而於1990年傳進台灣。安寧緩和醫療是「指為減輕或免除末期病人之痛苦,施予緩解性、支持性之醫療照護。」而在臨終時,維持病人的生活品質與協助病人沒有痛苦的安詳往生,是安寧緩和醫療的重要目標,因此對於接受安寧緩和醫療照顧的病人,臨終時不再給予CPR,尊重病人安詳往生的意願,DNR便是一個重要的措施。
世界醫師會對末期疾病曾作如下的宣示:「醫師的職責是治癒,盡其可能的減輕痛苦,及保護病人的最大利益。」「醫師可以為了解除病人的痛苦,在病人或其最近親屬(如果病人已無法表達意願)的同意下,不予治療。」「醫師應避免使用對病人無益的特別(治療)方法(extraordinary means)。」(3)
我國醫療法第四十三條規定:「醫院、診所遇有危急病人,應即依其設備予以救治或採取一切必要措施,不得無故拖延。」醫師法第二十一條規定: 「醫師對於危急之病症,不得無故不應招請,或無故遲延。」(4) 而且曾有醫師因尊重癌末病人的要求,在病人臨終時,未施行CPR,以協助病人安詳往生,而招致病人家屬的訴訟糾紛。另外衛生署於1989年的衛署醫字第786849號函的解釋,不同意病人或家屬有放棄心肺復甦術的權利。(5) 加上家屬因為不捨或愛心孝心的考量,往往在親人臨終時明知無效卻又要求醫師急救,醫師也害怕因為DNR是「違法行善」,反而可能挨告,大家相延成習,大部分在醫院臨終的病人都要受到最後無意義的CPR的伺候。
安寧緩和醫療條例立法
美國加州在1976年通過「自然死法案」(Natural death act),推行「生預囑」(living will),此法案賦予國民可以在健康時,或還沒有病到沒有能力表達意願時,即以書面表達臨終時的抉擇,是選擇接受CPR或拒絕CPR(後者即選擇DNR)。
安寧緩和醫療的實施,希望在臨終時,讓病人可以DNR,但又不符合我國醫界與民間的習慣,也不盡合法。為了使推動安寧緩和醫療更為合法,且更能保障所有臨終病人安詳往生的權利,安寧團隊乃積極推動「自然死法案」的立法。但是在衛生署討論時,很多學者認為在我們這個忌諱談「死」的社會,不宜將「死」字作為法案名稱。既然是安寧團隊在推動立法,就取名「安寧醫療條例」,最後在立法院審議時,因為世界趨勢已通稱「安寧緩和醫療」,所以改為「安寧緩和醫療條例」。經過很多人的努力與很多立法委員的支持,終於在2000年5月23日三讀通過此法案。(1,5-6)也因此才會有本法第三條似是而非的敘述:本法專用名詞定義第一項: 「安寧緩和醫療:指為減輕或免除末期病人之痛苦,施予緩解性、支持性之醫療照護,或不施行心肺復甦術。」的條文,硬是將安寧緩和醫療與DNR送作堆。(1) 讓人誤以為安寧緩和醫療就是DNR。其實DNR只是安寧緩和醫療中的一項工作,并不是只要做到DNR就是提供了安寧緩和醫療了,而且DNR可以適用於所有臨終病人,并非只適用於住在安寧病房的病人。嚴格的說安寧緩和醫療條例是提供國民選擇CPR或DNR的權力的法案。而DNR是完成安寧緩和醫療減輕病人痛苦,協助病人安詳往生的一個重要關節。
DNR的執行
另外一點讓醫界認為為德不足的是本法只同意「不予 (withhold) 」CPR,但不同意「撤除(withdraw)」已經插上去的氣管內管或呼吸器。儘管「不予」與「撤除」CPR的措施是符合醫學倫理的,在DNR的執行上有相同的意義,但是2000年立法時被立法委員將「撤除」的條文給擋了下來。2002年修法時,在第七條加了最後一項:「末期病人符合第一項、第二項(應有意願人簽署之意願書)規定不施行心肺復甦術之情形時,原施予之心肺復甦術,得予終止或撤除。」賦予病人若自行簽署DNR意願書者,萬一在匆忙中被插上了氣管內插管,如未能恢復意識及呼吸能力,則可尊重病人的意願,撤除插管及呼吸器。如果病人沒有簽署意願書,立法委員們基於對人性本善的懷疑,還是不肯同意由家屬代為決定的撤除行為。要完全達到不予及撤除都合法,只好等下次再修法了。儘管本法不盡完善,但它已賦予我國國民可以在臨終時選擇接受心肺復甦術(CPR)或拒絕心肺復甦術(即選擇DNR)的權力,使安寧的推動有了法律的加持。
「安寧緩和醫療條例」規定自己簽署不施行心肺復甦術(DNR)意願書或家人簽署不施行心肺復甦術同意書的病人,如罹患末期疾病,臨終時可以不再受到CPR的折磨。但如在急救過程中,已被接上呼吸器,結果未能恢復呼吸時,曾自己簽署意願書者,得以撤除呼吸器。自己未簽署意願書者,則依法不能撤除呼吸器,只好讓病人及家人繼續承受痛苦,直到心跳自然停止。(1)
醫療人員應該努力教育病人及社會大眾,譬如在住院須知中告知病人:「根據安寧緩和醫療條例,人人有權簽署『預立不施行心肺復甦術意願書』(DNR意願書)」,將可減少很多人臨終時的痛苦。一般人可在健康時就簽署此「DNR意願書」,但為了減少身上要經常攜帶此意願書的麻煩,在安寧團隊的建議下,衛生署及健保局已實施將民眾簽署的「DNR意願書」註記入健保IC卡,當病人就診時,醫師可由IC卡中讀到病人「不施行心肺復甦術的意願」(即DNR的意願),如果此時醫師確認病人已符合安寧緩和醫療條例的「末期病人」狀態,則可遵照病人的意願,不再施予CPR,讓病人安詳往生。如果醫師認為未達末期,還值得做CPR,但做了後並未使病人恢復呼吸,只好接上人工呼吸器。此時家屬及醫師可以根據病人預立的DNR意願,將人工呼吸器撤除,不再刻意延緩病人的死亡,藉以縮短病人的痛苦時間。至於急性病人如車禍或心肌梗塞,因為不是「末期疾病」,縱使已簽署DNR意願書,醫師還是要做CPR以救治病人的。
「安寧緩和醫療條例」可以簽署的表格文件有六種,病人自填的叫「意願書」,家屬代填的叫「同意書」,表一「預立選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書」與表二「預立不施行心肺復甦術意願書」,兩表的意義相同,效力也相同,是健康的人為規劃自己的人生填寫的,可以帶在身上,生病住院才交給醫師;也可以辦理健保IC卡的註記,到哪家醫院讀卡都可看到此DNR的意願。表三「預立醫療委任代理人委任書」,是當病人自己不便填寫意願書時委託代理人將來代為簽署DNR意願書。表四「選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書」或表五「不施行心肺復甦術意願書」,意義相同,是當病人已知自己罹患嚴重傷病時自己填寫的。表六「不施行心肺復甦術同意書」,是當病人罹患嚴重傷病已經昏迷或無法表達意願時,由家屬代為填寫的,此同意書只有「不予」CPR的效力,尚無「撤除」呼吸器的效力。
健保IC卡的註記
成年人只要將自己填妥的「預立選擇安寧緩和醫療意願書」或「預立不施行心肺復甦術意願書」及書面聲明同意將不施行心肺復甦術意願加註於健保IC卡,寄至「台灣安寧照顧協會」(地址:台北縣251淡水鎮民生路45號;電話:02-28081585;傳真:02-28081623;電郵:service.tho@gmail.com;網址:www.tho.org.tw),台灣安寧照顧協會將會彙整相關資料送至衛生署轉中央健保局完成加註事宜。如果事後後悔,改變心意,還是可以寄書面通知給安寧照顧協會,要求撤銷意願書,協會會協助辦理撤銷IC卡的紀錄。
當病重時,病人也可另外簽署DNR意願書(表五),或家屬簽署DNR同意書(表六),交給診治的醫院;醫院也可根據IC卡上註記的「同意安寧緩和醫療(意即同意DNR) 」的訊息,作為診療行為的依據。醫療機構應該協助病人將此意願的登錄訊息自健保局檔案下載於IC卡基本資料的「器官捐贈暨安寧緩和醫療註記欄」內,并保留於該院的電子病歷檔內及紀錄於紙本病歷內。該欄位會顯示「同意器捐」、「同意安寧緩和醫療」、「同意不施行心肺復甦術」(醫院也可寫成「同意DNR」讓醫療人員較清楚其含意)或「未註記」等訊息。
在病人臨終時,生活的品質可能優於生命的延長,醫師在此時,如能尊重病人意願,積極提供安寧緩和醫療的照顧,並在臨終時協助病人有尊嚴的死(die in dignity)或安詳的往生(peaceful death),將是莫大的功德。大孝與大愛應是陪伴臨終的家屬,協助其坦然接受疾病,安度餘生,安詳捨報往生。病人的死亡,並非醫療的失敗,未能協助病人安詳往生,才是醫療的失敗。(7-8) 去年(2007)至少已經發生了兩件因為未能尊重病人DNR意願而使醫師挨告的案件,甚至其中一位醫師還被家屬殺傷。(9)醫界應該小心面對CPR或DNR的重要性了。及早與病人及家屬討論這個問題,獲得結論,並妥善遵循,可以減少很多醫療糾紛。
早點簽署DNR意願書並告知家人,可讓家屬了解自己的意願,免得一旦罹病或到了年老時,家屬反而不敢、不忍心、或不知如何啟齒與病人討論這種問題。而且,病人的意願最大,將來家屬如彼此間有不同意見,可以尊重病人的意願,以病人預立的意願為奉行準則。醫師與家屬可以根據此意願共同協助病人安詳往生,走完無悔無憾的人生句點。(本文登載於台灣醫界2008; 51(4): 36-39.)

清明時節雨

1.唐。杜牧:
清明時節雨紛紛,路上行人欲斷魂;借問酒家何處有?牧童遙指杏花村。
2.江舉謙
清明時節雨,紛紛路上行人,欲斷魂;借問酒家何處?有牧童,遙指杏花村。
3.胡志明
清明時節雨紛紛,籠裡囚人欲斷魂;借問自由何處有?衛兵遙指辦公門。
4.李敏勇
清明,雨,濛濛落著。自由,哪兒有自由?獄卒指著遙遠的,遙遠的官署。
5.陳榮基
清明時節雨,紛紛籠裡囚人,欲斷魂;借問自由何處?有衛兵,遙指辦公門。

2008年4月5日 星期六

*死亡的意義改變時,活著的意義也跟著改變


死亡的意義改變時,活著的意義也跟著改變
陳榮基
在安寧療護/臨終關懷的領域,蓮花基金會辛勤耕耘了13年,對全然不知「安寧療護」為何物的社會大眾進行理念的推廣宣導、為「安寧緩和醫療條例」的立法奔走呼籲並促成法案順利通過、設立「安寧志工學苑」有系統地培訓志工進入病房服務、規劃「臨床佛教宗教師」培訓課程暨研究計畫贊助、開辦「蓮花臨終關懷諮詢專線」提供電話諮詢方式提供……等,緊貼著時代的脈動與需求調整步履路徑,一步一腳印,實實在在地走著。
雖然,在多年傾力澆灌下,本會在臨終關懷的耕耘成果已然花樹扶疏、豐美燦爛,但有鑒於一棵大樹的風華茂盛,源自於深札入地的根鬚滋養,生死兩端本是互相滋濡、互為啟發的,於是在去年年底,本會決議將會名由「財團法人佛教蓮花臨終關懷基金會」改名為「財團法人佛教蓮花基金會」,讓會務的觸角鬚根由「安寧療護/臨終關懷」延伸向「全人關懷照顧/整體生命教育」,邁向另一個更遼闊的新里程碑。
相信有許多朋友們記憶猶新,當2005年年底,本會推出台灣第一齣以「安寧療護」為主題的醫學人文舞台劇「最後的月光」,曾掀起一股前所未見的熱潮,八場演出曾讓三千多位民眾在短短的一個小時中,歷經歡笑和淚水、穿梭生命與死亡,廣獲熱烈迴響。今年,我們以更精緻、更深刻的內容製作,鄭重地推出這齣2008年生命繪本音樂劇~「錄音機裡的秘密」,作為跨足「全人關懷與生命教育」領域的重量級首作,期望再度藉由舞台劇這種柔性、親和又活潑生動的方式,將臨終關懷裡「惜生善終」的觀點、生命教育中「愛與夢想」的理念,傳遞給社會大眾。
日本作家岸本英夫在《凝視死亡之心》一書中有段話說的極好:「死亡的意義改變的同時,活著的意義也跟著改變……透過對死亡的理解,生的問題也解決了。」就在「錄音錄音機裡的秘密」這齣劇中,罹患癌症的小女孩花花也將用她的生命故事,對所有觀眾訴說這個生與死之間,意義轉化的秘密。(本文登載於蓮花基金會於2008年清明節於台北新舞台演出的「生命繪本音樂劇『錄音機裡的秘密』禮物書」中)

2008年4月3日 星期四

懷念我敬愛的岳父大人周炳煌居士

Detroit第一回渡米16
15
大安公園14
13
台北故宮12
板橋欣站11
杭州西湖10
富士山下9
8
Sagina Michigan7
Sydney6
Sydney5
Versaille4
Florence3
Rome2
Rome1

追念父親
周照芳
父親走了,回首父親跟我們相處的這六十多年時光,點點滴滴又浮現眼前,父親從小乖巧聰穎,就讀小學公學校時,因成績優異尚未唸六年級就跳級考上中學校,中學成績依然亮眼,頗得日本老師賞識,最後以第一名成績保送總督府醫學專科學校(亦即今日的臺大醫學系的前身),畢業後返回新竹故鄉開業,服務鄉里,後又擔任新竹市醫師公會理事長及理監事等職務,父親將他的一生貢獻在醫學領域中。
記憶中的父親總是慈祥和藹可親,無論扮演何種角色,他總是克盡職責盡好自己的本份:對於病人,他從不忘記醫師誓言中的承諾,不管富貴貧窮的患者,他一律視病猶親同等對待,每天早起晚歸,即使已拖過用餐時間,他還是堅持看完最後一位病人才肯離開診療間去吃飯,救活無數病人、病童,對於付不起醫藥費的病患,他也是悉心看診且不收任何費用,也許是他的仁心仁術在患者間流傳開來,常有桃竹苗遠道而來的病患前來父親的診所看病,所以父親的診所常擠滿病患,父親即使每天面對這麼多的病人,門庭若市,他還是耐著性子,一一為病人詳細解說病情,常常半夜被病人家屬喚醒,父親還是不敢怠慢,連忙起身治療病人,甚至有一次半夜叫人力車到病人家看診,看診完發現病患家中身無長物,於是父親不但分文未取,甚至自付人力車費。早期父親的診所是內科、小兒科皆有看診,因此大人、小孩常充斥著診間,有一次有一位鄉下媽媽帶著小孩前來求診,拿藥時匆匆忙忙的,還來不及聽解說就將藥包拿走趕回鄉下,父親發現她拿錯藥時,連忙趕到苗栗三塊厝,在稻田間找到這戶人家,將正確的藥包交回給她,才化解一場危機,就是這種認真的態度,讓病人對他始終懷抱著感恩的心。
父親是個虔誠的佛教徒,若是遇到新竹佛教僧侶們前來求診,他都免費治療,經常供養法師,做了很多濟貧善事,每個月贈送白米給廟宇及貧窮人家,每週末還邀請印順法師來家廟「證善堂」講經念佛很多年,讓佛光普溢人間。
卸下白袍的他,繼續扮演慈父的角色,從小他對於我們六個姐弟的課業都十分重視,讓我們接受最好的教育,擁有一技之長,因此我們幾位兄弟姊妹就在父親嚴格的督促下,陸續完成大學學業,甚至出國留學,也在社會上各有所成;除了課業之外,他對於我們非常的疼愛,對健康也很注重,每天利用忙碌的診療空檔,撥冗帶我們幾個孩子去新竹南寮海水浴場、公園或是城隍廟散步遊玩,回憶兒時總是洋溢歡樂氛圍,及長,當我們陸陸續續離開新竹,父親因年事已高,體力無法負荷過多的看診量,因此在七十二歲那年,經過多方考量下,「新竹周小兒科醫院」終止看診,也結束時代性的意義。
回顧父親的一生,面對大環境很多的更迭與戰亂,他仍然兢兢業業面對自己的人生,「哲人日已遠,典型在夙昔」,彷彿昨天他才到車站,送我們北上就學,送我們考聯考,如今他卻撒手西歸,儘管他的有限生命已畫下句點,但他留給後世的精神象徵卻是永恆的,六十餘年的親子歡聚,今天就此訣別,在此輕道一聲:「爸爸,慢走,我們永遠懷念您!」
(周炳煌居士於2008年4月1日農曆2月25日蒙佛接引往生西方極樂世界,距生於1915年12月8日農曆11月2日享壽94歲)


Jason Wu
My grandfather passed away today. My earliest childhood memories are from his house in HsinChu, Taiwan. He was a great doctor and loved to play golf. His medical practice was actually connected to the house. I remember all the nurses around. He had six kids, the youngest being my mother. I remember when he was younger he would travel from place to place, visiting all his kids. Some stayed in Taiwan, some were in California, one was in Michigan, and one was in Texas. As he got older he traveled less and less. Eventually I got to see him less and less often.
He had a sharp mind long into his old age. Since my mind is not as sharp, I can only speculate from what I remember that we share the same love for vanilla flavored ice cream. Forget all those other fancy flavors. I know I carry the Chow family nose and I take his special walking style to an extreme.
I know Grandpa’s legacy will go on. His children became a surgeon, director of nurses at the largest hospital in Taiwan, pediatrician, computer scientist, great mothers. His grandchildren have covered an even wider array, with multiple attorneys, computer scientist, business gurus, marketing magicians, musical artists, engineers, psych majors, and hopefully a doctor to carry on your legacy of medical service to others. All of us respect him and hold him in high honor.
If I had to describe my grandfather in a single word: Kind.
He was non-confrontational, giving, careful, smart, but above all, he was kind.


George Chen
Every time I said hello to Grandpa, for the last 30 years, Grandpa alwaysanswered me with a warm smile, no matter if he was in a good condition or not. And I also saw that smile from Grandpa to every little kid in this bigfamily. Thank God and Buddha for giving me the best grandpa on earth who is justlike a warm sun, full of energy but always delivering it in a warm way. Truly want to be in that warm sunshine again, but also truly glad that Grandpa can finally be with all the ones he loved in heaven again and this time they can be together, just like little kids with all mighty power, visit all the wonders in this vast universe and beyond with not a single burden and obstacale forever. Thank God and Buddha for that we all will see Grandpa again in the future too.

圖片說明: 1,2 Rome; 3 Versaile; 4 Florence; 5,6 Sudney; 7,8 Sagina Michigan; 9 富士山下; 10 杭州西湖; 11 板橋新站; 12 台北故宮博物院; 14 大安公園. 16 Detroit第一回渡米